资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。
2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
多地公布2023民生清单 这些事被重点关注!****** 中新网北京2月2日电(记者 袁秀月)2023年,各地政府要重点办哪些民生实事?随着2023年省级两会落下帷幕,各地政府工作报告中的民生实事清单受到外界关注与讨论。 最近,多地还陆续出台相关文件,推动重要民生实事项目落实落地。其中,养老服务、婴幼儿托育、生育支持政策、就业等成为高频词。 资料图:江苏无锡,一家养老机构内欢声笑语。周贤览 摄多地推进养老服务设施建设 大量增加养老床位 “一老一小”关乎千家万户,观察各地公布的民生实事清单可以看到,养老服务、婴幼儿托育、教育助学等关乎老人和孩子的话题占据相当篇幅。 在养老服务方面,多地都给出了具体的目标数字。比如,河南的政府工作报告中提到,完成6万户特殊困难老年人家庭适老化改造。内蒙古的政府工作报告中提到,新建乡镇养老服务中心和村级养老服务站2350个,对200所农村互助养老幸福院服务功能进行拓展提升。 江西的政府工作报告中则提到,新增家庭养老床位1.3万张。吉林的50项民生实事中包括,建设100个综合嵌入式社区居家养老服务中心和100个社区老年食堂。而浙江的民生实事清单中提到,新增认知障碍照护专区床位8000张、持证养老护理员6000人。 记者注意到,多地的措施都集中在社区养老、居家养老方面,从加强养老服务设施建设,到建设养老床位、社区老年食堂,再到老年人家庭适老化改造,大多通过推进硬件设施建设,来满足老年人的养老需求。 也有部分地区着重“软件”,如提升养老服务人才队伍素质、发展养老事业和养老产业、构建城市居家社区“15分钟养老服务圈”等。 资料图:社区“宝宝屋”里,专业育儿师带着孩子做游戏。江宁路街道供图多地增加托位、学位 最高达10万个 在减轻生育、养育和教育负担方面,多地都提出要增加托育机构、婴幼儿托位、学位等。 如《河北省2023年民生工程实施方案》提到,创建标准化示范性托育机构300家。山西的民生实事清单中提到,每个县建设1所80—150个托位的示范性公办综合托育机构。 河南的政府工作报告中提到,新增公办幼儿园学位10万个。“湖北省2023年10大民生项目清单”中提到,新增3岁以下婴幼儿托位4万个,新增公办幼儿园学位1.5万个。宁夏提出,每千人托位数达到2.4个。《北京市2023年办好重要民生实事项目分工方案》中则提到,支持有条件的幼儿园招收2-3岁幼儿,新增托位6000个。 多地还提出,要优化完善生育支持政策。其中,四川的政府工作报告中提出,发展集中管理运营的社区托育服务。宁夏的政府工作报告中提出,完善三孩生育配套措施,试行宁夏户籍生育二孩及以上家庭发放育儿补贴金制度。天津的20项民心工程中提到,实施积极生育保险政策,统筹提高生育保障待遇,支持灵活就业人员参加生育保险并享受待遇。 在义务教育方面,多地都提出要新建、改扩建义务教育学校,增加学位。如福建《二○二三年省委和省政府为民办实事项目》中提到,新增义务教育公办学校学位5万个。浙江的民生实事清单中提到,新改扩建公办中小学校100所,新增学位8万个。 《北京市2023年办好重要民生实事项目分工方案》中提到,新增中小学学位2万个,扩大教师交流轮岗比例,持续开展小学暑期托管服务。 1月31日,求职者在江苏省零工市场大厅内的企业招聘台前咨询。 中新社记者 泱波 摄“确保每个家庭至少有一人稳定就业” 2023届全国高校毕业生预计达到1158万人,同比增加82万人。稳就业保就业至关重要,多地的民生实事清单中,都提到落实就业优先政策,“把促进青年人特别是高校毕业生就业摆在更加突出位置”。 如河北提出了“全省城镇新增就业86万人”的目标任务,上海提出了“新增就业岗位55万个以上”的目标任务,等等。 针对高校毕业生,多地还出台相关措施,如鼓励基层就业、返乡创业等。甘肃的政府工作报告中提到,支持1万名未就业普通高校毕业生到基层就业。 湖北提出,扶持大学生创业项目600个以上,新增高校毕业生留鄂来鄂就业创业40万人以上,新增返乡创业5万人以上。 宁夏提出,对毕业两年内初次创业学生给予创业补助,支持城市灵活就业人员从事电商、快递、送餐、家政等行业,新增创业担保贷款10亿元以上,培育创业实体9000个。 对于就业困难人员,多地的民生实事清单也有提及。如宁夏提出,开发城乡公益性岗位9000个,“确保每个家庭至少有一人稳定就业”。 辽宁的政府工作报告中提到,加强困难群体就业帮扶,确保零就业家庭动态清零,严防规模性失业风险。山西则提出,推动公益性零工市场县县全覆盖,让零工等活不再“站马路”。(完)
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